The issue of inequality has assumed the blazing limelight at a time when inequality in India is said to be higher than it was in the British Raj. It’s a ripe situation for half-truths and incendiary statements.
TCA Sharad Raghavan
Op/Ed, 27 April, 2024. Reducing inequality and redistributing wealth are ideas that have sparked revolutions, toppled governments, and enabled despots. Such ideas have also elevated some nations -especially Scandinavian ones and a few in Europe – as paragons of social justice.
The Indian government has been grappling with the same ideas for the larger part of a century now, but can’t seem to decide on how much of a Robin Hood to be.
From Indira Gandhi’s ‘Garibi Hatao’ to Manmohan Singh’s ‘inclusive growth’ to Narendra Modi’s ‘Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas’ – income inequality has never really left Indian political imagination. This week, it all came down to two primal fears of Hindu voters – Muslims and Mangalsutra.
Should the government take from the rich (‘steal’ in the context of taxes might be a bit harsh) and give to the poor? The Congress has tried this in the past. Or should it simply give to the poor without taking from the rich? The Modi government is trying this now.
Either way, the issue of inequality and redistribution is once again on a hot streak — stressed by Rahul Gandhi, Narendra Modi, and pretty much everyone with an opinion — and that’s why it is ThePrint’s Newsmaker of the Week.
It’s naturally an evocative issue and no wonder that Rahul Gandhi’s 2014-15 remark of the Modi government being a ‘suit-boot ki sarkar’ resonated so well with the public. It hit the right chords with his supporters while also twanging away at the establishment’s nerves.
Add to this a recent study, co-authored by Western economists like Thomas Piketty, which claims that inequality in India is higher than it was in the British Raj, and you have a situation ripe for an escalating conflagration of assertions, half-truths, and incendiary statements.
Inheritance tax rears its head again
The ball was sent rolling and, indeed, careening wildly by Indian Overseas Congress chairman and long-time Gandhi family advisor Sam Pitroda earlier this week, when he called for a discussion on whether India needs an “inheritance tax”.
Speaking at a rally in Chhattisgarh on Wednesday, Modi referred to Pitroda’s comments and said the mantra of the Congress was “loot zindagi ke saath bhi aur zindagi ke baad bhi” (Congress will loot you during your life and beyond it), a play on the popular tagline of the Life Insurance Corporation of India.
Meanwhile, the Congress leapt into damage-control mode, with its communications-in-charge Jairam Ramesh taking to X to assure everybody that “the Congress has no plan whatsoever to introduce an inheritance tax”.
Praveen Chakravarty, chairman of the All India Professionals’ Congress and a key member of the party’s manifesto committee, wrote an entire article on it.
Chakravarty even went so far as to fling Pitroda under the bus, referring to his statement as “a past-his-prime Congressman’s stray comments”. Talk about desperate damage control.
The thing is, the Congress has already tried the inheritance tax experiment, and discarded it as a failure. Back in 1953, the Jawaharlal Nehru government brought in the tax – called the estate duty – to reduce inequality and provide states more resources. The British government had been talking about such a tax in India as far back as 1935.
By 1985, the Rajiv Gandhi government found the estate duty had comprehensively failed, and so abolished it. Other attempts to redistribute wealth through taxation, such as the gift tax and the wealth tax, lasted longer – being removed in 1998 and 2016, respectively.
Modi, Rahul & Mangalsutra
Parallel to this, there also arose the controversy around Modi’s speech in Rajasthan, where he said that former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh had once remarked that Muslims had the first claim on the nation’s resources.
“This means they will distribute this wealth to those who have more children, to infiltrators,” Modi said in Hindi.The outrage that followed was stupendous, with social media enthusiasts sharing and re-sharing his speech – which might have done as much harm as good – and making all kinds of fun of the Election Commission for remaining silent.
Even the international media took note.Unfazed, the PM on Tuesday reiterated his assertion that the Congress would redistribute the country’s wealth and give it to ‘select people’.What likely emboldened him to stick to this message was Rahul Gandhi doubling down on statements of his own that had created quite a stir.
“We will hold a financial and institutional survey after that,” Gandhi said. “Yeh pata lagayenge ki Hindustan ka dhan kiske hathon mein hai, kaun se varg ke haath mein hai. Aur is aitihasik kadam ke baad hum krantikari kaam shuru karenge.
(We will find out in whose hands the nation’s wealth is in, which class of people they are. And after this historic step, we will undertake revolutionary work).”This, too, was used extensively by Modi to rile up crowds.
Evocatively, he warned people that the Congress wanted to ‘X-ray’ the nation – a term Gandhi himself used – and take the Mangalsutras of the women, confiscate their stree-dhan, seize any extra property held by anybody, and redistribute it all.
Over this last week, Gandhi has reiterated his financial survey remark, although he clarified that he hadn’t mentioned any actions to be taken on the basis of such a survey. With both leaders not backing down, the Election Commission on Thursday finally issued notices to the Congress and the BJP over the remarks made by Gandhi and Modi.
This, too, created quite a stir since the notices didn’t go to the alleged violators individually, but to their respective parties.
Inequality in more than just politics
Now, if you thought that the issue of wealth redistribution was restricted to the political domain, please keep an eye on the courts – no less than a nine-judge bench of the Supreme Court headed by the Chief Justice of India – and what it will decide about whether the private property of an individual can be regarded as resources of the community.
And while the redistribution discussion has been about the rich and the poor, let’s not forget that India often has a wealth difference even between husband and wife. Incredibly, even this aspect was covered this week.
The Supreme Court on Thursday said that ‘stree-dhan’ is the “absolute property” of the wife and that the husband has no title over it.
The issue of inequality will likely die down in a few days, replaced by something else that captures headlines, but the last week saw it assume the blazing limelight – a position it should assume every once in a while.
https://theprint.in/opinion/newsmaker-of-the-week/indira-manmohan-modi-all-raised-income-inequality-until-hindu-fears-took-the-driving-seat/2059074
Scroll.in – Why BJP leaders’ comments on study about Muslim population in India are misleading
A study by Modi’s Economic Advisory Council has mentioned data on rise in share of Muslim population. This was already known from the decadal Census.
Abhik Deb
New Delhi – India, 09/05/2024. On Thursday, several news outlets reported on a study released by the prime minister’s Economic Advisory Council on the changes in the share of population of religious minorities in 167 countries between 1950 and 2015.
The headline for most publications was that the share of Muslim population in India had risen from from 9.84% in 1950 to 14.09% in 2015 – which is so say, 43.15%. On the other hand, the share of India’s Hindu population declined from 84.68% to 78.06% during that period – that is, 7.82%, the study said.
The first claim made by Chandrasekhar is misleading while the second one is outright false. The findings of the study about the change in religion-wise population share are not new and follow a trend that has been well-documented in the decadal Census.
Census data shows that the religious composition of the country’s population has undergone only modest changes since 1951. In fact, the decadal growth rate for Muslims has been declining over the past three decades.
As far back as 2015, Shoaib Daniyal had written about the flaws in the arguments of the leaders of the Hindutva party. In an article headlined, “Five charts that puncture the bogey of Muslim population growth”, he demonstrated how the rhetoric on demographics is belied by data.
On Thursday, several news outlets reported on a study released by the prime minister’s Economic Advisory Council on the changes in the share of population of religious minorities in 167 countries between 1950 and 2015.
Union minister Rajeev Chandrasekhar claimed that the “demography of India is being altered” due to increase in population of a “particular community”.
He also linked the study to the Bharatiya Janata Party’s claim that the Congress wanted to introduce reservations in education and government jobs on the basis of religion.
The second claim that the Congress intends to provide quotas on the basis of religion has been debunked by several organisations, including Scroll. The Congress manifesto makes no such promise.
BJP MP Sudhanshu Trivedi made similar claims, while the party’s social media cell chief Amit Malviya claimed that the rise in share of population of Muslims was due to “decades of Congress rule”.
The fact that BJP leaders are using a well-known fact about India’s demographics to make misleading claims in the middle of the general elections raises questions on the timing of the release of the study.
Rashtriya Janata Dal leader Tejashwi Yadav asked how the study could have determined the country’s population according to religion when the national Census, scheduled to be conducted in 2021, had not yet been started.
India’s religious composition largely unchanged
https://scroll.in/article/1067687/why-bjp-leaders-comments-on-study-about-muslim-population-in-india-are-misleading
Tags: A study by Modi’s Economic Advisory Council has mentioned data on rise in share of Muslim population, Abhik Deb, BJP MP Sudhanshu Trivedi, BJP's social media cell chief Amit Malviya, India’s religious composition largely unchanged, New Delhi - India, Scroll.in, Union minister Rajeev Chandrasekhar claimed that the “demography of India is being altered, Why BJP leaders’ comments on study about Muslim population in India are misleading